谁能提供一些关于黑客或历史的英语文章？

Hackers, Not Slackers Since the introduction of personal computers in the 1970's, the art of computer hacking has grown along with changing roles of computers in society. Computers have taken over our lives. People could not function without them; our electricity is run by computers, the government could not function without computers, and there are many others. Hackers are people who illegally gain access to, and sometimes tamper with, information in a computer system. Due to recent media coverage and corporate interest, hackers activities are now looked down on by society as criminal. Despite the growing trend of hacking, very little research has been done on the hacking world and its culture. The image of a computer hacker has grown from a harmless nerd into a vicious techno-criminal. In reality most hackers are not out to destroy the world. The hackers in today's society are not bored teenagers. In Hackers intensify fears of industrial espionage, Mark Gembicki reports the typical hacker used to be 14 to 16 years of age, white male, somewhat of an introvert . . . However, this is no longer the case. . . Our hacker profile . . . [is that] the hackers are around 30-33, white male again, professional (Drumheller). Many of the hacker's today are probably the grown-up fourteen to sixteen years old from the past. Except now they make enough money to purchase expensive computer equipment. They are well educated and have an interest in technology. The majority of the hackers of today are thirty years old and well educated, they are not all out to destroy computer systems and break into national security. Hackers have always been considered different and have never been accepted in society. Many hackers will not admit they are a part of this underground community for fear of how they will be judged. In U.S. News World Report, Brendan Koerner explained how . . . true hackers are interested not in destruction, but in technology, and that they circumvent security only to help improve it. There have been stories about hackers breaking into a site and then leaving tips on how to improve the site with and e-mail address attached. The true hackers do not wish to be associated with the bad hackers, also known as crackers. Hackers feel like they are misunderstood by the majority of the world. They are left out like many other minority groups. Some hackers might turn to evil means because they are so misunderstood. They become malicious and then pose a threat to security. Although hacking is a growing trend in our society, it is not one that is accepted in the United States or any other country for that matter. Hacking is an international phenomenon that cuts across race, gender, ethnic background, sex, and education level. Hacking is considered illegal everywhere in the world. Many governments are posed with the threat of national security being broken into by the bad hackers. The bad hackers can be dangerous, they may gain access to classified information. Patricia Irving, president of a small business which creates biological and chemical defense technology, says 慜ur technologies are being used for national security type purposes, and the U.S. government has a concern about what might be happening' in countries that might not be friendly toward the United States or with terrorist groups inside and outside of this country (qtd. in Drumheller, 2). Both governments and companies are forced to pay large amounts of money to try and make their sites safe and impossible for hackers to break into. However most hackers are not going to harm a government or business. Genuine hackers hack only for the joy of knowledge. A rush, like no other, is felt after finally gaining access into a site or a computer. They feel most information should be free. They do not look at hacking as stealing. They see hacking as borrowing information. However the good hackers do understand the rights of privacy and the good hackers do not mess with peoples private matters. Hackers believe knowledge is power. Therefor they are in the constant pursuit of power. Hackers are a growing trend, or problem, which ever way one sees it. This underground culture will not disappear anytime soon. As long as there is technology there will be people wishing to know more about it and there will be people breaking into files. Is technology really such a great thing? Bibliography Drumheller, Michelle. Hackers Intensify Fears of Industrial Espionage. National Defense 84.549 (1999) : 48-52. Koerner, Brendan I. Who are hackers, anyway? U.S. News World Report 126.23 (1999) : 53-54. Levy, Stephen. Hackers: Heros of the Computer Revolution. New York: Dell, 1984. Word Count: 740